Green Sand Casting is used to produce a wide  variety of metal  components  with  complex geometries. It requires sand, clay and water to be mixed together to form a mould material that can be compacted  around a pattern to produce a  mould.  Water develops the bonding characteristics of the clay, which  binds the sand  together . These parts can vary greatly in size and weight, ranging from a couple ounces to several tons.
It is adaptable to a very wide range of  alloys and production quantities.  Hollow shapes can be  produced in  these castings  through the  use of cores.  Sand-mold  casting is  by far  the most common casting process used in industry.

The Process of Green Sand Casting